Biochar at the Core of Nature‐Based Carbon Management: A Comparative Review Bridging Environmental Sustainability and Economic Feasibility

ABSTRACT Climate change continues to challenge both environmental stability and economic systems worldwide. Among available mitigation strategies, nature‐based carbon management (NBCM) methods provide the dual advantage of reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) and restoring ecosystems. This review examines four main NBCM approaches, forest and grassland restoration, wetland and blue‐carbon ecosystems, urban green spaces, and regenerative agriculture, to test the hypothesis that biochar‐based regenerative agriculture is the most sustainable and practical pathway for long‐term carbon sequestration. Confirming this hypothesis is essential because policy and investment decisions increasingly depend on identifying NBCM options that combine scientific effectiveness with economic feasibility. The study reviews papers, patents, and reports published between 2016 and 2024, integrating environmental, technological, and policy findings. The review reveals several key insights. Nature‐based methods collectively offer significant global potential for carbon reduction, yet their success depends on ecological and socioeconomic conditions. Biochar‐based regenerative systems stand out by showing persistent improvements in soil‐organic‐carbon storage, crop productivity, and greenhouse‐gas mitigation, supported by numerous international case studies. The analysis also identifies the main constraints, production cost, infrastructure requirements, and limited awareness, that determine the pace of large‐scale adoption. The contribution of this review lies in linking biochar's environmental durability with its socioeconomic applicability, providing a bridge between climate science, agriculture, and sustainable development policy. Future efforts should focus on field validation across climates, cost optimization for biomass‐to‐biochar chains, and supportive policy frameworks to encourage wider adoption. These findings present a clear pathway for scaling NBCM solutions, positioning biochar as a leading nature‐based strategy for long‐term climate mitigation.