Biomechanical Influence of Different Cervical Micro-Thread Forms over Narrow-Diameter Implants (2.9 mm) Using Finite Element Analysis

Narrow-diameter implants (≤3.5 mm) have garnered significant attention due to their widespread application in areas with insufficient bone volume. However, their mechanical performance is limited. The cervical region, serving as a pivotal stress concentration zone, exhibits a thread form that directly modulates stress distribution and determines the long-term stability of the implant-bone interface. This study was designed to investigate the influence of varying thread forms and face angles on microstrain and stress distribution patterns in narrow-diameter implants (NDIs) and their adjacent cortical bone structures. Through systematic modification of implant thread forms and face angle parameters, finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to develop nine distinct implant models featuring varied geometric characteristics. Each model was implanted into Type III bone tissue, followed by the application of a 100 N occlusal force, including a vertical load and an oblique load deviated 30 degrees lingually from the long axis of the implants. Subsequent biomechanical evaluation quantified peak von Mises stress concentrations at the bone-implant interface, maximum equivalent elastic strain distributions in peri-implant bone tissue, and abutment stress profile characteristics. The results indicated that in the RB thread group, the optimal thread face angle parameter was 60 degrees; in the B thread group, this optimal thread face angle parameter was 45 degrees, whereas in the V thread group, the optimal thread face angle parameter was 30 degrees.