Evaluation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma with tumor budding and lymphocytic infiltration as prognostic marker

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most prevalent type of pancreatic neoplasm. It is a highly aggressive lethal malignancy related to its delayed in diagnosis and limited response to treatments. The incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer have been increasing over the years. Tumor budding is a proven independent, adverse prognostic factor in PDAC. It is helpful for improvement of prognosis in PDAC in early and precise diagnostic modalities. Tumor budding should be conveyed in pathology reports and taken into account by future oncologic staging systems.