Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia in the Elderly Population: An Exploratory Study from a Geriatric Outpatient Clinic

Abstract Background: Old age is a sensitive phase of life, often marked by challenges like loneliness, reduced financial security, and diminished autonomy, which can negatively impact mental health. By 2050, the global elderly population is projected to reach 1.6 billion, making these concerns increasingly urgent. Mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia can further worsen social isolation and access to health care. Therefore, early diagnosis and intervention are essential to improve outcomes and reduce the healthcare burden in this population. Aims and Objectives: The aim and objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia, their mutual correlation, and associated demographic and personal variables among geriatric outpatients attending routine comprehensive health check-ups. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted at the geriatric outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital with a total of 100 consenting participants who were interviewed, and questionnaires (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Geriatric Depression Scale-15, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were filled in one-to-one setting, and the correlates of these disorders were established. Results: The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia was 18%, 12%, and 19%, respectively, with a strong correlation ( P < 0.01) with each other. All three disorders were significantly associated with gender (Higher proportion in females) and personal life stressors. Conclusion: Routine screening for psychological distress is warranted in elderly women with stressors, as insomnia may signal early mental health decline. A biopsychosocial model can enhance early detection and holistic management.