Flow Visualization at Extremely Low Reynolds Numbers on NACA 0018 Airfoil with Bioinspired Tubercles

This study explores the aerodynamic behavior of bioinspired airfoils under extremely low Reynolds number conditions, simulating those found in the Martian atmosphere. Modified NACA 0018 profiles with sinusoidal leading-edge tubercles were tested to assess their influence on flow separation and overall aerodynamic performance. Experiments were carried out in a hydrodynamic towing tank using ink-based flow visualization, enabling detailed observation of the evolution of the separation point with varying angles of attack. The study focuses on comparing different tubercle configurations, analyzing how wavelength and orientation affect the aerodynamics of the airfoil. The results showed variations in flow stability and delayed separation compared to the baseline profile, indicating potential aerodynamic benefits. These findings offer valuable insights for the application of bioinspired geometries in the design of aerial platforms intended for Mars exploration and low-speed flight regimes, with special attention paid to Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs).