Unlocking green transitions: system-level agency in peripheral regions

Abstract This paper examines the role of system-level agency in shaping green transitions in peripheral regions. The comparative case study analysis of four peripheral regions in Germany reveals significant differences in capacities to address challenges, overcome dependencies and seize green opportunities. It showcases how intermediaries function as conducive actors that unlock regional transition processes, highlighting how policy translation processes either maintain path dependencies or shape new development paths. The findings emphasise the need for place-sensitive policies and the critical role of system-level agency in driving or hindering green transition processes.