Cytological Diagnosis of Primary Effusion Lymphoma in the Uncommon Clinical Setting of an <scp>HIV</scp> ‐Negative Patient With End‐Stage Renal Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) represents a small proportion of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. It typically manifests as a serous effusion in HIV-positive patients and is associated with Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV/HHV8). We, herein, describe a case of PEL in an 84-year-old male, with HIV-negative status and on haemodialysis (HD) for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This report emphasizes the significance of cytological examination of effusions, especially in those with no tumour mass, who present with persistent or recurrent effusions.