The effect of functional fatigue on lower-limb kinematics, balance, and proprioception in individuals with ACL-reconstruction and dynamic knee valgus

Functional fatigue significantly impairs proprioception, alters lower extremity kinematics, and decreases dynamic balance in individuals with ACLR and DKV. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating fatigue management strategies into rehabilitation and training protocols to mitigate the risk of re-injury. Clinicians should consider incorporating proprioception training, dynamic balance exercises, and muscular endurance conditioning to mitigate fatigue-induced biomechanical impairments and promote safe return-to-sport practices.