Bayesian attenuation of offset analgesia filters out random disturbances in noxious stimuli

The brain dissociates noise from primary signals, achieving stable pain perception even in the presence of noisy inputs. Thus, OA reflects a stochastic integration between prediction and observation, with noise magnitude modulating pain intensity. Clinically, these results suggest that enhancing endogenous pain inhibition for chronic pain may be achieved through interventions targeting noise recognition mechanisms.