Patterns and association between smokeless tobacco consumption and hemoglobin level among 6 to 12 years children: analytical cross-sectional study
SLT users had lower hemoglobin levels, although the results were not statistically significant. Overall, children have lower hemoglobin levels, and most of them used SLT for the first time before age 6 or between ages 7 and 8, which is a major public health concern.
Authors
- Zeeshan Ahsan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1857-8057)
- Shiyam Sunder Tikmani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8828-8325)
- K Qureshi
- Ahmed Fayaz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8879-4535)
- Sheraz Ahmed (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2336-3165)
- Sadaf Jakhro
- Aysha Almas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7146-7183)
- Zehra Jamil (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2395-4646)
- Anum Rahim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4593-600X)
- Asad Ali (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5274-7665)
- Romania Iqbal
- Shareef Dars
Institutions
- Aga Khan University (PK)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Health Population and Nutrition
- Published
- 2025-11-11
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01127-3
- Primary Topic
- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Fogarty International Center