Flexible and injectable hydrogen peroxide fiber sensor for early warning, real-time monitoring, and combination intervention in sepsis

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome triggered by infection, which progresses rapidly and requires early diagnosis and dynamic monitoring to improve prognosis. However, existing biomarkers exhibit delayed responses and lose diagnostic efficacy during the immune suppression phase, limiting their clinical applicability. To enable early warning and continuous monitoring of oxidative stress, we have designed a flexible, minimally invasive implantable hydrogen peroxide fiber sensor (HPFS). It is constructed from carbon nanotube fibers, with a highly active catalytic interface formed by the electro-deposition of platinum nanoparticles. It offers excellent mechanical flexibility, electrochemical sensitivity, and tissue compatibility, making it ideal for long-term real-time monitoring of hydrogen peroxide levels in vivo . Animal studies show that HPFS can detect elevated hydrogen peroxide levels within the first 1–2 h of sepsis onset, outperforming traditional inflammatory markers, with a strong prognostic discrimination capability. Furthermore, combined with antioxidant therapy, HPFS enables dynamic and precise regulation of hydrogen peroxide concentrations, effectively alleviating lung tissue damage and improving survival outcomes. Overall, HPFS provides a novel approach for in situ continuous monitoring and combination intervention in inflammatory states. This study developed a flexible and minimally invasive hydrogen peroxide fiber sensor (HPFS) capable of real-time monitoring of H₂O₂ dynamics during sepsis progression. HPFS enables early detection of inflammation and continuous tracking of disease status, serving as a reliable indicator of sepsis severity. When combined with antioxidant therapy, HPFS allows controlled regulation of H₂O₂ levels within a beneficial range, promoting recovery and improving survival outcomes. • Developed a flexible, minimally invasive hydrogen peroxide fiber sensor (HPFS) for early sepsis detection and continuous monitoring of oxidative stress. • Constructed from carbon nanotube fibers and platinum nanoparticles, HPFS offers high mechanical flexibility, electrochemical sensitivity, and tissue compatibility. • Animal studies demonstrate its ability to detect elevated hydrogen peroxide levels within 1-2 hours of sepsis onset, outperforming traditional biomarkers. • HPFS combined with antioxidants enables dynamic regulation of hydrogen peroxide concentrations, improving lung tissue protection and survival, with broad potential in sepsis and inflammatory diseases.