Cognitive decline and the evolution of depression networks in older adults: evidence from the CHARLS study

This study reveals significant heterogeneity in cognitive decline patterns among Chinese middle-aged and older adults, with the majority (50.9%) following a high-baseline but steep-declining trajectory. The complex relationship between cognitive decline and depressive symptoms varies substantially across different cognitive trajectory subgroups, suggesting the need for personalized intervention strategies. The findings highlight the importance of early identification of high-risk cognitive decline patterns and the implementation of targeted mental health interventions. These results provide new insights into the dynamic interplay between cognitive aging and mental health, informing the development of precision medicine approaches for healthy aging.