Integrative analysis of the gut microbiota, bile acid pathways, and immune dysregulation in dyslipidemia models

Emerging evidence suggests a link between gut microbiota, bile acid metabolism, and immune dysregulation in dyslipidemia. Through a case-control study involving 140 participants and an animal experiment, we identified significantly elevated counts of peripheral blood CD3⁺ T cells, CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, and CD19⁺ B cells in patients with dyslipidemia, alongside increased specific bile acids in fecal samples and distinct alterations in gut microbiota composition. The animal model confirmed changes in gut microbiota, bile acid metabolism, and percentage of specific lymphocyte subsets. Also, we identified downregulated hepatic expressions of bile acid metabolism-related proteins in hyperlipidemic rats. Integrated analysis suggested potential associations among gut microbiota, bile acid pathways, and immune dysregulation. Overall, these data highlight the critical role of the potential gut microbiota-bile acid metabolism-immune axis in dyslipidemia, providing potential therapeutic targets for diseases associated with lipid metabolism disorders.