Green synthesis of iron and zinc nanoparticles, total phenolic and total flavonoid components, and pharmacological studies of Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth

Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth. commonly known as Russian sage, is an important ornamental and medicinal plant native to Himalayas and western China. In traditional medicine, it has been used in the treatment of various diseases such as stomach pain, indigestion, fever, dysentery and in various bacterial infections. This study investigated the green synthesis of iron and zinc nanoparticles, phytochemicals, and biological evaluation of P. atriplicifolia with emphasis on its therapeutic potentials. The characterization of nanoparticles was performed through SEM, XRD, FT-IR and UV. The activities, including cytotoxicity, thrombolytic, antibacterial, and anti-Inflammatory, were conducted on the different polarity extracts of P. atriplicifolia and nanoparticles. Among all, ethyl acetate extract (PAE), dichloromethane extract (PAD), and Zn-NPs were shown to have significant results. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in the crude extract were 258.96 mg GAE/g and 511.71 mg CE/g, respectively. In vitro studies have shown that P. atriplicifolia possesses significant biological potentials that encourage its traditional medicinal uses. Based on these findings, it can be exploited in the development of various therapeutic products. However, there is a dire need for systematic examination in clinical trials to determine the safe dosage and efficacy of P. atriplicifolia for the treatment of several disorders.