The role of substance P in modulation of inflammation and immune response: from neurotransmitter to therapeutic target

Substance P (SP) is a key neuropeptide that has an important role in the neurotransmission, inflammation and immune system regulation. Its high degree of conservation and wide range of biological functions, including interaction with NK1 receptors, emphasize its importance in physiological and pathological processes. SP significantly influences the development of dermatological diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and rosacea, and is also involved in processes of wound healing and immune response modulation. Modern researches focus on its role in activating both the innate and adaptive immunity making it an important regulator of the immune activity. Multiple functions of SP indicate its potential as a therapeutic target especially in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. In addition, substance P is involved in pain sensations regulation and neuroimmune interactions that expands its role in the pathophysiology of pain syndromes. The development of NK1 receptors antagonists such as aprepitant offer prospects for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases and immune system disorders. These data emphasize the importance of targeting SP and its signal pathways as a new approach to the treatment of dermatological and immunological diseases.