Investigation of $Alumina-Cu/C_{2}H_{6}O_{2}+H_{2}O$ flows for improved heat transfer through efficient thermal deposition and internal heat generation

This study addresses a significant gap in thermal engineering by exploring the enhanced heat transfer properties of hybrid nanofluids, which are crucial for developing efficient thermal systems. The primary aim of this research is to investigate the hydrothermal behavior of Alumina-Cu/C2H6O2-H2O hybrid nanofluid flow using a numerical and analytical modeling approach. The model assumes a laminar flow regime and incorporates key physical parameters such as volume fraction of nanoparticles, mixed convection, and permeability. The research methodology involves solving nonlinear mathematical equations using the shooting technique, verified by the homotopy analysis method (HAM) and MATLAB’s BVP4c solver. The findings demonstrate that hybrid nanofluids exhibit superior heat transfer rates compared to single nanofluids, with the Alumina-Cu/C2H6O2-H2O hybrid nanofluid showing a 20% higher heat transfer rate than the Alumina-C2H6O2-H2O single nanofluid at a 0.04 volume fraction of nanoparticles. Specifically, the Cu nanoparticles contribute to a 12% increase in heat transfer rate, while the Al2O3 nanoparticles contribute to an 8% increase in heat transfer rate at the same volume fraction. The study concludes that the hybrid nanofluid structure outperforms the single nanofluid structure in terms of heat transfer enhancement, with the Cu nanoparticles playing a more significant role in enhancing heat transfer due to their higher thermal conductivity.