A randomized study comparing outcomes of intravesical Gemcitabine, Mitomycin C (as hyperthermic intravesical chemotherapy-HIVEC) and Bacillus-Calmette Guerin in intermediate and high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer

Preliminary findings indicate that intravesical gemcitabine is non-inferior to BCG and HIVEC in terms of short-term efficacy, with a significantly better safety and tolerability profile. These results position gemcitabine as a viable alternative in the management of NMIBC. However, the study's limited sample size and short follow-up period necessitate larger, long-term studies to validate these outcomes.