Heat Transfer Enhancement Characteristics of Pin‐Fin Liquid Cooling Plate for Pouch Lithium‐Ion Battery

ABSTRACT Addressing issues such as low heat transfer intensity, high system power consumption, and poor temperature uniformity in liquid cooling plates for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles (EVs), a pin‐fin liquid cooling plate was designed to enhance comprehensive heat transfer performance. After modelling the dynamic internal heat source of the LIB, the effects of coolant flow rate ( v ), pin‐fin length‐short side angle ( ω ), pin‐fin length‐short side ratio ( a/b ), and pin‐fin rotation angle ( β ) on the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the liquid cooling plate were simulated and analyzed. The Kriging approximation model and adaptive simulated annealing (ASA) algorithm were used to optimize the heat dissipation structure of the liquid cooling plate. The optimized oblique fin liquid cooling plate reduces the battery module's maximum temperature ( T max ) and temperature difference (Δ T ) by 1.12% and 6.8%, respectively, compared to the traditional parallel channel plate. It also decreases pressure drop (Δ P ) by 30.4% and increases the Nusselt number ( Nu avg ) by 7.85%. Compared to the initial rectangular fin design, T max and Δ T drop by 0.16% and 2.8%, while Δ P and Nu avg decrease by 26.5% and 6.9%. The E PEC values are all greater than 1, demonstrating enhanced heat transfer capability.