Towards autonomy: A comprehensive technical and ethical review of automated vehicle safety

This review paper explores the dynamic landscape of Automated Vehicles (AVs), with safety as a top priority. It discusses various dimensions, encompassing the pivotal role of safety in AV development, regulatory frameworks guiding their operation, intricacies of software architecture designed to uphold safety standards, and societal perceptions. The review scrutinizes diverse methodologies employed in ensuring vehicle safety, advocating for a holistic integration of safety and security. It calls for collaborative efforts to enhance the safety and security of AVs even more. Addressing current gaps in safety regulations, the paper outlines new safety approaches designed specifically for AVs. Furthermore, it discusses expert-recommended strategies for strong software engineering in AV systems, aimed at improving reliability. The review also considers the profound implications of AV integration in society and legal frameworks. By bringing together different viewpoints, it aims to build a clear understanding of AV safety while identifying new challenges in this fast-changing field of engineering.