Physicochemical and nutrient status of agricultural soils in Southern Telangana Zone, India

A comprehensive assessment of soil fertility status was conducted across the Southern Telangana agro-climatic zone to evaluate key physicochemical and nutrient characteristics in agricultural soils. Soil samples (n = 125) were collected from paddy and maize cultivated agricultural fields and were analysed. The soil pH varied between 6.48 and 8.34, reflecting conditions that range from neutral to moderately alkaline, which are generally conducive to successful crop cultivation. Electrical conductivity remained low (mean EC = 0.24 dSm-1), suggesting minimal salinity constraints. Nutrient analysis revealed nitrogen deficiency in 73.6 % of samples, despite a wide range (75-401 kg ha-1), indicating a critical need for nitrogen management. In contrast, phosphorus and potassium were found in sufficient to high levels in 81.6 % and 56.8 % of samples respectively, due to likely fertiliser accumulation and soil mineralogy. Organic carbon was generally low, with a mean of 0.5 % and 52 % of samples fell in the deficient category, highlighting the need for organic matter enhancement. Among micronutrients, iron was adequate in all samples, while 23 % of samples were deficient in zinc, pointing to a potential need for Zn supplementation. The results highlight the need for tailored and comprehensive nutrient management approaches to ensure consistent agricultural productivity and maintain soil health in the area.