Impact of Intracanal Medicaments on Cell Cycle, Viability and Differentiation of Human Apical Papilla Mesenchymal Stem Cells ( <scp>hAP</scp> ‐ <scp>MSCs</scp> )

This in vitro experiment evaluated cell cycle, viability and osteogenic differentiation of human apical papilla-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAP-MSCs) by intracanal medicaments used in regenerative endodontic treatment. Apical papilla tissues of immature extracted tooth roots were digested, trypsinized and resuspended as a single cell suspension stained with CD146, CD73 and CD90 antibodies. Results revealed that apical papilla tissue harbours hAP-MSCs, and they can be cultured and characterised. Low-concentration intracanal medicaments (0.025 mg/mL) were less cytotoxic compared to higher concentrations (0.1 mg/mL and above). Calcium hydroxide was better in terms of viability as well as osteogenic differentiation (at 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/mL concentration) than triple antibiotic paste (TAP), modified TAP, and DAP (double antibiotic paste) at 24, 48, and 72 h. Thus, calcium hydroxide was less cytotoxic compared to the different antibiotic paste combinations.