Sleep profile in adults with epilepsy: a multicenter cross-sectional and hospital based study in Burkina Faso

Sleep disorders are frequent in PWE. There are few data on sleep disturbances in patients with epilepsy in Burkina Faso. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sleep disorders in adults with epilepsy and their associated factors. This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from 05 July to 04 October 2021. Ninety-six adults with PWE were recruited from the outpatient neurology clinics of five hospitals in Ouagadougou. The selected patients were evaluated using PSQI, ESS, ISI, IRLSSG and the BQ. The data were analysed using chi-square test with bivariate and multivariate analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 was significant. The study population consisted of 49 men and 47 women with a mean age of 32.12 ± 15.26 years. The mean duration of epilepsy was 7.96 ± 7.74 years. Generalised epilepsy was found in 70.8% of the participants. Phenobarbital was the most ASM used (35.4%). Poor adherence to ASM was observed in 20.8% of the participants. Thirty-one (32.3%) patients were poor sleepers. The prevalence of EDS, insomnia, and OSA was, respectively, 26%, 24%, and 24%. Poor sleep quality was associated with chronic pain, stressful events ( p = 0.0057), age at the onset > 15 years (p = 0.005), duration > 15 years ( p = 0.001). Insomnia and RLS were, respectively, associated with seizure frequency ≥ 5 (p = 0.016) and carbamazepine (p = 0.03). OSA was associated with smoking consumption (p = 0.027) and residence (p = 0.024 ). There is a high prevalence of poor sleep disorders among adult PWE in Burkina Faso. EDS was the main pattern of sleep disorders. There are several sociodemographic or epilepsy- related factors associated with poor sleep, insomnia, RLS, and OSA.