A tumor immune microenvironment gene expression signature for predicting prognosis, immunotherapy efficacy, and drug candidates in triple-negative breast cancer
This study identified TIME-GES as a novel biomarker capable of distinguishing tumor immune phenotypes, predicting immunotherapy response, and evaluating prognosis in TNBC. Furthermore, TIME-GES-guided screening led to the discovery of NCD, a promising immunomodulatory agent that reprograms the TIME and enhances anti-tumor immunity in TNBC. This study offers both a robust immune gene signature and a candidate therapeutic to improve immunotherapy outcomes in TNBC.
Authors
- Li Bai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7607-4799)
- Yun-Jie Hu
- Qingzhou Li
- Qingqing Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5104-0502)
- Jianya Deng
- Ziyu Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7565-9414)
- Sijuan Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5514-2899)
- Congcong Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4459-5224)
- Dong Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8340-2763)
- Yumei Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7570-9518)
- Zhen Ye (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0687-8901)
- Shengrong Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-8141)
- Lei Xiang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4197-412X)
- Yu Hu
- Xinran Tai
Institutions
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Published
- 2025-11-10
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1676768
- Primary Topic
- Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu University