Developing a Localized INRM Framework: Addressing Ecological and Socioeconomic Complexity in Vietnam

ABSTRACT This study proposes an Ecological Functional Sub‐regional Integrated Natural Resource Management framework specifically adapted to Vietnam's complex ecological and socio‐economic conditions. Originating from the CGIAR's 2000 INRM model, the framework is critically revised to address its limitations—particularly the absence of a preliminary assessment stage and lack of ecological functional sub‐region division. Using a theoretical and analytical approach, the study integrates insights from INRM literature and Vietnam‐specific environmental planning to develop a seven‐stage model emphasizing localized assessment, stakeholder participation, and the integration of production, social welfare, and ecosystem functions. Findings highlight that dividing districts into ecological functional sub‐regions and engaging communities in planning processes significantly improves the effectiveness and sustainability of resource management strategies. The proposed framework enables more context‐sensitive interventions that balance environmental protection, economic development, and social equity. The research concludes that flexible, participatory, and place‐based approaches are essential for natural resource governance in ecologically diverse regions. Practically, this framework provides a scalable tool for planners, policymakers, and development organizations seeking to implement sustainable, community‐responsive natural resource management aligned with national and global development goals.