The complete mitogenome of <i>ceratina smaragdula</i> fabricius, 1787 (hymenoptera: apidae) and phylogenetic analysis of the family apidae base on mitogenome sequences

This study describes the mitogenome of <i>Ceratina smaragdula</i> (Hymenoptera: Apidae), which consists of 15,591 base pairs with an AT content of 85.7%. It contains 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region. Phylogenetic analysis of 40 Apidae insect mitogenomes shows that Xylocopinae and Nomadinae are monophyletic, while Apinae is paraphyletic. C. <i>smaragdula</i> is placed within Xylocopinae, forming a sister group with <i>Ceratina okinawana</i>. The genus <i>Apis</i> is closer to <i>Lepidotrigona</i> than to <i>Melipona</i> or <i>Bombus</i>.