Aircraft noise annoyance control by design: a first model to compose an aircraft's annoyance from its single components' contributions

Annoyance from aircraft noise in the community near airports is being studied since two decades or more. Different metrics and approaches are used to describe the noise impact on human individuals from single aircraft events or multiple events, the latter representing whole airport scenarios. Both have been extensively investigated, on aircraft and on airport level. Nevertheless, there is still the open question how "annoyance-friendly" design can be included in early stages of aircraft development and manufacturing. Especially the fact that aircraft components - such as landing gear, flaps, engines, etc. - have their origin at different manufacturers is raising the two main questions on how the overall-aircraft annoyance can be influenced in a positive way and how an annoyance, once being achieved to be "acceptable" can be maintained, when some components of the aircraft may be changed or -re-designed. The work presented here is suggesting a first mathematical model which allows the evaluation of an aircraft's annoyance from the contribution of its main components. Such a model is necessary to allow to re-assess the aircraft's annoyance at any stage of its design process and during its later operational life.