Harnessing AI for efficient EV charging and discharging infrastructure: Overcoming challenges and finding solutions

The rapid growth of the electric vehicle (EV) industry is placing unprecedented stress on charging and discharging infrastructure, making efficiency and reliability a global priority. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential solutions to these issues, although its uses remain dispersed throughout the literature. This paper ties all the threads together through a systematic analysis and provides a framework that unites certain AI techniques with the real-world needs of EV systems. Machine learning for demand forecasting, reinforcement learning for unpredictable load distribution, and predictive analytics for intelligent charge management are just a few examples. The impact of these methods on scalability, maintenance, and overall system optimization is demonstrated through case studies. More than a review, the study proposes a challenge-solution model that highlights how AI can directly overcome persistent barriers in infrastructure development. The insights are intended to support researchers, policymakers and industry leaders in building smarter, more reliable, and environmentally sustainable EV networks that can accelerate the transition to low-carbon mobility.