Chikungunya virus in Nigeria: A re-emerging threat obscured by diagnostic gaps

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is re-emerging in Nigeria, but diagnostic and surveillance gaps obscure its true burden. A narrative review of literature and surveillance data (1969–2024) identified consistent serologic and entomologic evidence of CHIKV circulation, yet limited molecular confirmation and exclusion from national surveillance impede detection. We summarise epidemiology, diagnostic challenges, and policy implications, recommending CHIKV inclusion in Nigeria’s Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR), strengthening laboratory capacity, and enhancing clinician awareness.