Research on the Support Design of Asymmetrically Loaded Deep Excavation Based on Displacement Control

This study investigates the displacement behavior of excavations under asymmetric loading conditions and proposes optimized support design strategies from the perspective of displacement control. Physical model tests reveal that, in excavation projects under eccentric loading conditions, the retaining structure as a whole tends to deform toward the non-surcharge side rather than following the conventional symmetric deformation pattern. Displacement increases nonlinearly with surcharge intensity, but the growth rate diminishes as the load further increases due to localized surcharge effects and structural restraints. Numerical analyses further demonstrate that increasing embedment depth and wall thickness effectively mitigates lateral displacement, although a marginal effect is observed beyond critical thresholds. For instance, at an embedment depth of 12 m (twice the excavation depth), maximum lateral displacement decreases by nearly 50%, and when combined with a wall thickness of 13 cm and a depth of 14 m, the reduction reaches approximately 90%. These findings establish a quantitative basis for deformation control in excavations subjected to asymmetric loading and guide the efficient optimization of retaining systems. They enhance design reliability and construction efficiency, offering practical value for improving safety, performance, and overall project economy.