Analysis of Carbon-Aware Optimal Power Flow in Distribution System under Objective Function Variations

This paper investigates the impact of the objective function in optimal power and carbon flow in carbon-aware power distribution system operation. We formulate the different types of objective functions that could minimize the power loss, power costs and carbon emission for the given power distribution system. To numerically investigate the carbon flow and emission generated by power distribution system power operation, we employ concept namely carbon emission flow that could approximate the virtual carbon flow in power system by power flow. Additionally, we employ ZIP load model to the proposed study to estimate the optimal power flow considering the voltage magnitudes in the distribution system. In the simulation investigation part, we compare the total power loss, substation power profile, total carbon emissions, and total power/carbon costs among different objective function employment in the power distribution system.