Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in a dog with <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> infection and its management

Abstract Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is defined as the development of potentially reversible physiological derangement involving two or more organ systems in an acutely ill patient such that homeostasis cannot be maintained without intervention. A 2‐year‐old male pitbull presented with a history of inappetence, depression, oliguria, tick infestation, vomiting and black‐coloured loose faeces. Clinical examination revealed pyrexia, pale mucous membranes, tachycardia, tachypnoea, oedema of the hindlimbs and perineal region, halitosis, and a rat tail appearance. Subsequent diagnostic evaluation, including a complete blood count and serum biochemistry, revealed anaemia, neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia, hypoproteinaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, elevated liver enzymes, azotaemia and decreased thyroid hormone levels. On blood smear examination, intra‐cytoplasmic morulae were detected in the neutrophils. The rapid antibody detection kit was also positive for Anaplasma spp., and nested polymerase chain reaction confirmed Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed fatty liver with severe hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and an uneven corticomedullary junction and kidney capsule. Based on the clinical laboratory findings, the case was diagnosed as A. phagocytophilum ‐induced MODS. The dog was subjected to a comprehensive treatment regimen comprising doxycycline, levothyroxine and other supportive therapy tailored to address concurrent conditions. The dog showed uneventful recovery after the completion of the treatment regimen.