Switching between Newly Learned Motor Skills

Studies of cognitive flexibility suggest that switching between different tasks can entail a transient switch cost. Here, we asked whether analogous switch costs exist in the context of switching between different motor skills. We tested whether participants (23 males and 12 females) could switch between a newly learned skill associated with a novel visuomotor mapping and an existing skill associated with an intuitive mapping. Participants showed increased errors in trials immediately following a switch between mappings. These errors were attributable to persisting with the preswitch policy rather than imperfect implementation or retrieval of the postswitch policy. A subset of our participants further learned a second new skill. Switching between these two novel skills was initially very challenging but improved with further training. Our findings suggest that switching between newly learned motor skills can be challenging and that errors in the context of switching between skills are primarily attributable to perseveration with the wrong control policy.