Printable Personalized Composite Hydrogels Facilitate Wound Healing by Regulating the Immune Microenvironment

How to regulate the microenvironment in the damaged area to achieve health management of the wound region remains a challenge. The immunomodulatory hydrogel enables precise management of the wound area by regulating the polarization of macrophages and modulating the immune microenvironment at the injury site. Herein, we have constructed a composite hydrogel with excellent physical and chemical properties based on natural materials, which could achieve personalized customization based on the patient's needs. Furthermore, benefiting from its bioactive substances, the composite hydrogel can regulate the expression of related inflammatory genes as well as control the activation of macrophages and the secretion of related cytokines. Besides, the composite hydrogel effectively improved the inflammatory microenvironment in the injured area, reduced the infiltration and activation of immune cells, and thereby promoted the regeneration of blood vessels and the repair of the injured area. Multimodal analysis further revealed that the composite hydrogel regulated the expression of inflammatory genes in the damaged area, thereby accelerating the wound healing process. This biosafe and customizable composite hydrogel provides a new solution for precise wound management and treatment.