Self-Compensated and Air-Stable P2-Type Layered Cathode for Practical Sodium-Ion Batteries

Sodium-based P2-type layered cathodes are of interest for sodium-ion batteries due to their fast Na+ transport and good cycling reversibility at elevated voltages. However, their low sodium content and irreversible Na loss on the anode side limit their practical use. Here, a self-compensated P2-Na0.8Li0.06□0.04Ni0.23Mn0.67O2 (P2-NLNM-Va) is developed with approximately 4% cation vacancies in the transition metal layer to regulate lattice oxygen activity during charge and counterbalance anode-side Na loss. The vacancies activate additional charge capacity without sacrificing discharge capacity, rate capability, or air/cycling stability. As a result, the full cells of P2-NLNM-Va//hard carbon exhibit an initial discharge capacity of 100.6 mAh/g and retain 83% capacity after 300 cycles, compared with 80.2 mAh/g and 62% for the vacancy-free counterpart. This self-compensation strategy raises energy density by about 20% to 245 Wh/kg (total mass of cathode and anode), offering a route toward practical P2-type oxide-based sodium-ion batteries.

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Publication Details

Journal
ACS Energy Letters
Published
2025-11-10
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c03212
Citations
2
Primary Topic
Advancements in Battery Materials
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.46
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article

Self-Compensated and Air-Stable P2-Type Layered Cathode for Practical Sodium-Ion Batteries

Yuansheng Shi, Qingyu Yan, Yifan Xu, Yang Sun et al.
2 citations
ACS Energy Letters
Advancements in Battery Materials
1.46
article

Self-Compensated and Air-Stable P2-Type Layered Cathode for Practical Sodium-Ion Batteries

Yuansheng Shi, Qingyu Yan, Yifan Xu, Yang Sun, Xia Lu, Weixin Chen, Jinghua Guo, Dongshuang Wu, Okkyun Seo, Erhai Hu, Fushan Geng, Jinfeng Dong, Chade Lv, Dilxat Muhtar, Jialu Li, Ju Zhao, Jiaqi Cao, Pengfeng Jiang
article en
2 citations

Abstract

Sodium-based P2-type layered cathodes are of interest for sodium-ion batteries due to their fast Na+ transport and good cycling reversibility at elevated voltages. However, their low sodium content and irreversible Na loss on the anode side limit their practical use. Here, a self-compensated P2-Na0.8Li0.06□0.04Ni0.23Mn0.67O2 (P2-NLNM-Va) is developed with approximately 4% cation vacancies in the transition metal layer to regulate lattice oxygen activity during charge and counterbalance anode-side Na loss. The vacancies activate additional charge capacity without sacrificing discharge capacity, rate capability, or air/cycling stability. As a result, the full cells of P2-NLNM-Va//hard carbon exhibit an initial discharge capacity of 100.6 mAh/g and retain 83% capacity after 300 cycles, compared with 80.2 mAh/g and 62% for the vacancy-free counterpart. This self-compensation strategy raises energy density by about 20% to 245 Wh/kg (total mass of cathode and anode), offering a route toward practical P2-type oxide-based sodium-ion batteries.

ACS Energy LettersVol. 10(12)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US), Sun Yat-sen University (CN), Nanyang Technological University (SG), Harbin Institute of Technology (CN), National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (TW), Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JP), East China Normal University (CN), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 14%
Advancements in Battery Materials
1.46
DOISourceOpenAlex
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