International cooperation of BRICS countries in the field of climate adaptation in agriculture

Climate change has a profound impact on agricultural systems, creating new challenges for food security and farmers' livelihoods. As developing countries, BRICS play an important role in climate adaptation in agriculture and international cooperation. This article first analyzes the numerous consequences of climate change for agricultural production, including rising temperatures, uneven precipitation, extreme weather events, and socio-economic risks, as well as highlighting the vulnerability of the five countries in terms of water resources, reliance on monsoons, permafrost degradation, deforestation, and drought. Subsequently, practices and paths of agro-climatic adaptation are summarized based on three aspects: the adoption of adaptive technologies by farmers, low-carbon transformation of agriculture, and climate-smart agriculture (CSA). Using literature analysis, comparative analysis, case studies, and policy analysis, a systematic summary and assessment of the current state, challenges, and prospects of BRICS countries' international cooperation in adapting agriculture to climate change are conducted. Research has shown that the adoption of adaptive technologies by farmers can significantly increase their incomes, especially for low-income groups, while low-carbon strategies and CSA provide a pathway for system transformation. The article further discusses the development and challenges of the BRICS agricultural cooperation mechanism and emphasizes the importance of trade coordination and South-South cooperation. Finally, the role of BRICS countries in international cooperation is analyzed, including political commitments, technology transfer, financial support, and food security governance. The study found that by creating transnational knowledge platforms and risk-sharing mechanisms, BRICS countries can play a more significant role in global agro-climatic adaptation. At the same time, in the management of global food security, BRICS countries should continue to act as key exporting nations and promote a more stable and equitable international food trade order. Overall, it is expected that through deepening cooperation and innovative mechanisms, BRICS countries will have a greater impact on agro-climatic adaptation and global governance.