TGF-β signaling and tumor microenvironment dynamics in bladder cancer progression post-BCG therapy: a longitudinal single-nucleus RNA-seq study

This study highlights key cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying bladder cancer progression Post-BCG treatment. Through single-nucleus RNA sequencing, we identified critical TME subtypes, TGF-β signaling involvement, and crucial ligand-receptor interactions such as DSC2-DSG2 and ENG-BMPR2, which may serve as preliminary biomarkers requiring confirmation in larger independent cohorts. These findings offer valuable insights into enhancement of treatment strategies and patient outcomes.