Nuisance of Lissachatina fulica introduced beyond Africa: lessons from their native range—a review

Abstract Background The Giant Africa Land Snail (GALS) comprises diverse species, of which Lissachantina fulica is the most widespread. This species originated from East Africa countries, where they are infrequently consumed by humans. But they are delicacies especially in West and Central Africa where its value provides employment and a source of income for indigenous people particularly women. Main body About 220 years, L. fulica was introduced beyond its native range in Africa into other continents where it became a notorious pest. In these continents, they have been implicated in the destruction of diverse types of plants including food crops and outcompeting native snail species for food and habitats, thus threatening agriculture and biodiversity. By their scavenging behaviour on waste and filth, they harbour pathogens and are vectors of several parasites, which present a public health and veterinary challenge. Control measures for the snail include physical, chemical and occasionally biological, which have recorded some levels of success in a few countries, but re-emergence still occurs sporadically. Conclusion We are of the opinion that alternative uses of the snail can contribute to its control, especially when backed by appropriate policies that will prevent its farming and reintroduction.