IGF Pathway Components as Potential Biomarkers in Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and due to its late-stage diagnosis, the prognosis is poor. Therefore, researching biomarkers that can be used in early diagnosis and prognostic processes is crucial. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathways play critical roles in cellular proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and tumor progression. This study investigated the biomarker potential of IGF-1, IGFBP-4, IGFBP-5, and PAPP-A in gastric cancer. Forty gastric cancer patients and forty healthy individuals were included, and protein levels in serum samples were measured using the ELISA method. The findings showed that IGF-1 levels were significantly decreased in the gastric cancer group, while IGFBP-4 levels were significantly increased. IGFBP-5 levels were also lower in gastric cancer patients. In contrast, PAPP-A levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. ROC analyses revealed that IGF-1, IGFBP-4, and IGFBP-5 have good discriminatory properties in the diagnosis of gastric cancer, while PAPP-A offers low diagnostic value. In conclusion, this study suggests that IGF pathway components, particularly IGF-1, IGFBP-4, and IGFBP-5, might be promising biomarker candidates for gastric cancer.