OSMANLI’DAN ERKEN CUMHURİYET'E İZMİR VE ÇEVRESİNDE DEMİRYOLLARI VE TREN İSTASYONLARI: CBS (COĞRAFİ BİLGİ SİSTEMLERİ) İLE MODERNİTEYİ ÖLÇMEK (1850-1950)

At the beginning of the Ottoman modernization period, economic regulations were introduced. Nevertheless, this period created awareness in the Ottoman government. Transformation is not only economic development. If there is no social progress, they cannot prove this development. Improving the nation's development is necessary for the social structure as well as the economic and administrative structure. The 18th century saw the advent of the railway, which had a profound impact on the evolution of transportation and the economy. The advent of the railway system had a revitalising effect on the domestic market, engendering dynamism and mobility. It was proposed that this development had social implications that extended beyond mere economic factors, encompassing alterations in production and power relations. Given their integration into capitalist structures, railways exerted a significant influence on the spatial organisation of areas, with a corresponding impact on the distribution of capital. Furthermore, the construction of railways contributed to the alteration of cultural environments.In order to gain a deeper understanding of these changes, the study employed the spatial autocorrelation method through Geographic Information Systems (GIS). By analysing the available data, the study examined the Western Anatolia region with the objective of understanding the historical processes of social change and the impact of changes in Ottoman transport on these processes. Through data analysis, a comprehensive dataset was created, which sheds light on the development and structuring of İzmir city around the railway. The aim of this analysis is to present a historical narrative on the post-railway outlook of Turkish modernization.