The LMT 2 millimeter receiver system (B4R). II. Science demonstration observations toward Orion-KL/OMC-1

Abstract We present the results of mapping and single-point spectral scans toward Orion-KL/OMC-1 performed as science demonstrations of a 2 mm superconductor–insulator–superconductor receiver, named the Band 4 Receiver (B4R), installed on the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT), with a diameter of 50 m. To prove the capabilities of mapping and spectral scans with the B4R on the LMT, commissioning observations were conducted employing the on-the-fly mapping technique toward Orion-KL/OMC-1, which covers a map size of $5{^{\prime}} \times 5{^{\prime}}$. These mapping observations were performed with two frequency settings providing 10 GHz in total (131.4–133.9 and 145.1–147.6 GHz; 136.2–138.7 and 149.9–152.4 GHz) with a frequency resolution of 76.293 kHz. In this study, we conducted spectral line identification analysis for the hot core and compact ridge regions in the Orion-KL with a beam size of $11{^{\prime \prime }}$–$12{^{\prime \prime }}$. We detected nearly 400 emission lines and identified two recombination lines and 29 molecular species, including isotopologues, deuterated molecules, and vibrational excited states, despite the short integration time. These results of line detection are consistent with those of previous studies. The 29 molecular species include nitrogen (N)-bearing complex organic molecules (COMs) and oxygen (O)-bearing COMs. To demonstrate the capability of the B4R in astrochemistry, we conducted detailed analyses of column densities, rotational temperatures, and relative abundances with respect to H$_2$ on two representative COMs, N-bearing C$_2$H$_5$CN and O-bearing CH$_3$OCHO in the central $40{^{\prime \prime }} \times 40{^{\prime \prime }}$ area of the map. The wide bandwidth of 10 GHz enabled the use of 8 and 34 emission lines, respectively. The spatial differences in the physical and chemical properties between the above two molecules were derived at a spatial resolution of ${\sim}12{^{\prime \prime }}$. The B4R on the LMT was successfully demonstrated to be powerful for mapping and spectral scans and to have high potential for the study of interstellar chemistry.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
Published
2025-11-08
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psaf105
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.15
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

The LMT 2 millimeter receiver system (B4R). II. Science demonstration observations toward Orion-KL/OMC-1

Ryohei Kawabe, Gopal Narayanan, Bunyo Hatsukade, Yoichi Tamura et al.
1 citations
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
1.15
article

The LMT 2 millimeter receiver system (B4R). II. Science demonstration observations toward Orion-KL/OMC-1

Ryohei Kawabe, Gopal Narayanan, Bunyo Hatsukade, Yoichi Tamura, Teppei Yonetsu, Iván Rodríguez-Montoya, Kamal Souccar, Kunihiko Tanaka, Tatsuya Takekoshi, Edgar Colín-Beltrán, Min S. Yun, Takeshi Sakai, Javier Zaragoza-Cardiel, Yuki Yoshimura, Shinji Fujita, O. S. Rojas-García, Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz, David Sánchez-Argüelles, Víctor Gómez-Rivera, Akio Taniguchi, H. Maezawa, Kotomi Taniguchi, Masato Hagimoto, Kotaro Kohno, Yoshito Shimajiri, F. Peter Schloerb, Tai Oshima, D. H. Hughes
article en
1 citations

Abstract

Abstract We present the results of mapping and single-point spectral scans toward Orion-KL/OMC-1 performed as science demonstrations of a 2 mm superconductor–insulator–superconductor receiver, named the Band 4 Receiver (B4R), installed on the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT), with a diameter of 50 m. To prove the capabilities of mapping and spectral scans with the B4R on the LMT, commissioning observations were conducted employing the on-the-fly mapping technique toward Orion-KL/OMC-1, which covers a map size of $5{^{\prime}} \times 5{^{\prime}}$. These mapping observations were performed with two frequency settings providing 10 GHz in total (131.4–133.9 and 145.1–147.6 GHz; 136.2–138.7 and 149.9–152.4 GHz) with a frequency resolution of 76.293 kHz. In this study, we conducted spectral line identification analysis for the hot core and compact ridge regions in the Orion-KL with a beam size of $11{^{\prime \prime }}$–$12{^{\prime \prime }}$. We detected nearly 400 emission lines and identified two recombination lines and 29 molecular species, including isotopologues, deuterated molecules, and vibrational excited states, despite the short integration time. These results of line detection are consistent with those of previous studies. The 29 molecular species include nitrogen (N)-bearing complex organic molecules (COMs) and oxygen (O)-bearing COMs. To demonstrate the capability of the B4R in astrochemistry, we conducted detailed analyses of column densities, rotational temperatures, and relative abundances with respect to H$_2$ on two representative COMs, N-bearing C$_2$H$_5$CN and O-bearing CH$_3$OCHO in the central $40{^{\prime \prime }} \times 40{^{\prime \prime }}$ area of the map. The wide bandwidth of 10 GHz enabled the use of 8 and 34 emission lines, respectively. The spatial differences in the physical and chemical properties between the above two molecules were derived at a spatial resolution of ${\sim}12{^{\prime \prime }}$. The B4R on the LMT was successfully demonstrated to be powerful for mapping and spectral scans and to have high potential for the study of interstellar chemistry.

Publications of the Astronomical Society of JapanVol. 77(6)
Kyushu Kyoritsu University (JP), Osaka Prefecture University (JP), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (JP), The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI (JP), Keio University (JP), University of Electro-Communications (JP), University of Massachusetts Amherst (US), Mexican Academy of Sciences (MX), National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (MX), Institute of Astronomy (RU), The Institute of Statistical Mathematics (JP), National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (JP), Secretaría de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnología e Innovación (MX), Osaka Metropolitan University (JP), Nagoya University (JP), The University of Tokyo (JP), Kitami Institute of Technology (JP)
Openalex Percentile: Top 15%
Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
1.15
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.