Chemical Profiles and Bioactivities of Brazilian Amazonian <i>Solanum</i> Species: Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Anti‐Metastatic Properties

This study investigated the chemical and biological properties of hydroethanolic extracts from Solanum asperum, Solanum crinitum, Solanum schlechtendalianum, Solanum stramoniifolium, and Solanum leucocarpon. Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and gas chromatography, 41 compounds and five monosaccharides were identified. Antioxidant activity was confirmed in all extracts through the DPPH radical scavenging assay, with S. schlechtendalianum showing the highest activity, consistent with its elevated total polyphenol (94.4 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (46.8 mg QE/g) contents. The anticancer potential was assessed against human breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) and colorectal (HRT-18) cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. Among the samples, S. crinitum exhibited the greatest cytotoxicity against HRT-18 cells, with an IC₅₀ of 58 µg/mL and a selectivity index of 1.5, confirmed by clonogenic assays. Furthermore, S. crinitum significantly inhibited nitric oxide production (74%), cell migration (74%), and adhesion (52% and 30% on fibronectin and vitronectin, respectively), indicating notable anti-metastatic potential. These results demonstrate that Solanum species, particularly S. crinitum and S. schlechtendalianum, are promising sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-metastatic properties, supporting their potential use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.