Femtosecond Laser Refractive Surgery: Reshaping the Cornea With Technical Advances

Abstract The demand for effective refractive correction is on the rise, driven by increased reliance on digital devices and the necessity for efficient surgical interventions. New laser strategies, particularly those involving femtosecond laser (FSL) technology, significantly improve upon traditional refractive surgery methods in terms of precision, safety, customization, and overall effectiveness. FSL technology has revolutionized refractive surgery due to its precision and control over thermal effects. This review explores the transformative impact of FSL technology in refractive surgery, focusing on its superior precision and control in laser‐tissue interactions. This work discusses recent advancements in FSL applications, including laser in‐situ keratomileusis, small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), corneal cross‐linking, and other innovative techniques aimed at enhancing visual outcomes while minimizing complications. Additionally, this work examines the mechanisms behind FSL interactions with corneal tissues and the optimization of surgical strategies to improve procedure safety and efficacy. This review provides insights into the future directions of FSL technologies in ophthalmology, emphasizing their potential to refine and personalize refractive surgical practices.