A Multi‐Structured Performance‐Enhanced Triboelectric Yarn for Virtual Human‐Machine Interaction

Abstract Advances in flexible wearable technology have imposed higher demands on the performance of smart textiles. As a wearable, integrable, and self‐powered sensing component, triboelectric yarn demonstrates significant potential in constructing comfortable, sensitive, and low‐power human‐machine interactive interfaces. However, yarn‐based triboelectric nanogenerators still suffer from low charge generation efficiency and rapid charge dissipation under dynamic conditions, which limit their practical application. Therefore, this study proposes a multi‐level structured triboelectric yarn designed with a synergistic combination of a conductive core, a charge trapping interface, and a microstructured friction surface, significantly enhancing charge generation, retention, and output stability. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed triboelectric yarn exhibits a tenfold increase in open‐circuit voltage and a sixfold improvement in short‐circuit current compared to conventional yarns. Furthermore, the yarn can be woven into a smart textile for spatial pressure mapping and human‐machine interaction. A fabric keyboard array based on this yarn is integrated with a virtual interaction platform, enabling real‐time control of a virtual character through distinguishing commands based on pressing location and force intensity. This work provides an effective design strategy for high‐performance yarn‐based sensors and demonstrates their potential for immersive interactive applications in next‐generation wearable human‐machine systems.