Janus Composite Membrane: Directed Exclusion of Exudate and Antibacterial Promotion of Hemostasis and Wound Healing

An optimal hemostatic dressing necessitates dual functionality, encompassing rapid coagulation efficacy and inherent antimicrobial properties. To address extant limitations in exudate management and bacteriostatic activity inherent to conventional arterial hemostatic membranes, this investigation has engineered an asymmetric hydrophilic hydrogel-based cellulose nonwoven dressing (CSHA@CN@TA). By incorporating tannic acid (TA), the construct capitalizes on differential surface wettability and different roughness to facilitate rapid trans-layer fluid transport (complete absorption within 10 s) from the hydrophilic (HL) to hydrophobic (HB) interfaces, effectively enhancing the ability to manage exudate. The CSHA@CN@TA composite membrane enhances thrombus structure through protein cross-linking and a physical adsorption mechanism, thereby optimizing hemostatic performance. The CS₁HA_0.2@CN@TA₅ composite membrane demonstrates superior performance metrics, achieving a blood clotting index of 32.81% and erythrocyte adhesion coefficient of 49.77%, values significantly surpassing commercially available benchmarks. Concurrently, the material exhibits an intrinsic broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. This multifunctional Janus-structured dressing presents compelling potential for clinical hemorrhage control applications.