Pressures of Changes in Foreign Trade Policy and Geoeconomic Risks

The main aim of the article is presentation pressures of changes in foreign trade policy and geoeconomic risks. The subject of the discussion and theoretical contribution in the undertaken research program is presents international business before 2025, the rise of importance of bilateral agreements in foreign trade policy, new global economic context: uncertainty drives lower growth expectations, the spectre of low growth, uncertainty and financial turbulence, global macrofinancial conditions to remain tight, developing economies in the challenging global context, international markets, dynamism of merchandise trade fades away, capital flows to developing countries: compound risks, private financial flows and public debt, the macroeconomic effects of tariffs, commodity markets not immune to global uncertainty. The uptick in activity towards the end of 2024 mainly reflects a front-loading of trade orders and consumption spending in anticipation of tariff measures and consequent increases in the prices of affected goods. In other words, the dynamism observed in the closing months of 2024 and early weeks of 2025 will prove transitory. Amid escalating trade tensions, developing countries should leverage existing trade relationships and seek out multilateral frameworks and regional arrangements to boost intraregional as well as South–South trade. A strategy of "open regionalism" can offer a workable alternative to the global stalemate and a pathway to achieving development objectives.