Traditional Spatial Organization of the Tolaki Community in Routa District, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province

The traditional spatial organization of the Tolaki community in the Routa District of Southeast Sulawesi has evolved through a complex interplay of historical and cultural influences, showcasing their adaptability to the environment and their livelihoods. This study seeks to explore these traditional spatial arrangements to reveal the socio-cultural dynamics and historical context of land use. We conducted a combination of field surveys, map evaluations, and detailed interviews with local residents to gather our data. Our research identified four primary spatial configurations: (1) the use of 13 caves and rock shelters over an area of 30.95 hectares; (2) historical village layouts covering 4,158 hectares across 28 sites; (3) designated areas for shifting cultivation totaling 10,677.97 hectares; and (4) 11 damar tree grove locations spanning 1,399 hectares. These findings illustrate how the spatial organization of the Tolaki people in Routa is shaped by their settlement practices and land use, which facilitate traditional activities such as agriculture and damar resin harvesting. In summary, this spatial configuration offers a detailed perspective on the historical land occupation and development in Routa, highlighting the resilience of the Tolaki community in responding to socio-ecological changes.