Assessment and Validation of Rider Behavior Questionnaire for Electric Scooter: Insights into Traffic Safety in Korea

The rapid growth of the electric scooter (e-Scooter) market and its increasing urban use necessitate research into rider behavioral patterns and their impact on traffic safety. This study aims to design and validate an e-scooter rider behavior questionnaire (eSRBQ) to address this need. The eSRBQ was validated based on established tools like the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and the Cyclist Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ). A sample of 445 participants completed the eSRBQ, which comprised three factors: violations, errors, and positive behaviors. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) validated the questionnaire’s structure. The eSRBQ demonstrated good fit indices (Chi-squared/ df = 3.651, SRMR = 0.047, RMSEA = 0.077, CFI = 0.941, TLI = 0.932) and high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha > .7 for all factors). The study found significant differences in violations, errors, and positive behaviors based on collision history. Age and riding frequency also influenced behavior, with younger and less frequent riders displaying more violations. These findings highlight the necessity for targeted safety interventions and continuous monitoring of e-scooter rider behavior as their use expands. This study contributes to urban transportation safety by providing a validated tool for assessing e-scooter rider behavior and identifying critical factors for improving road safety.