Dataset on phytochemical profiling of Moringa oleifera leaves ethanolic extract using spectrophotometry UV-Vis, TLC, FTIR, and GCMS: Neuroregenerative potential, IC₅₀ determination, and proliferation assay evaluation

<i>Moringa oleifera,</i> also referred to as the drumstick tree, is a rapidly growing, drought-tolerant species originally found in South Asia. It is highly regarded for its leaves, which are rich in nutrients, and for its diverse therapeutic applications. <i>Moringa oleifera</i> possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial qualities that render it a viable choice for therapeutic and functional food applications. This dataset article presents a comprehensive screening of phytochemical constituents and secondary metabolites in the ethanolic extract of <i>Moringa oleifera</i>. The analysis was conducted using a combination of spectrophotometry, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The ethanolic extract of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> was further evaluated for its cytotoxic and neuroregenerative potential, with IC₅₀ values determined and cell proliferation assessed through an MTT assay using PC-12 neuronal cells. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed, revealing the presence of various phytochemicals, including flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, and 46 active phytoconstituents. Strong appearance displays in many functional groups including Alcohol and hydroxy compound, Ether-oxy compound, and Common inorganic ions. The ethanolic extract of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> exhibited a maximal proliferative effect on PC-12 neuronal cells at a concentration of 62.5 µg/mL, while its half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was calculated to be 984.9 µg/mL, indicating a favorable therapeutic window for neuroregenerative applications.