Effects of the natural grape seed oil bodies-derived multifunctional emulsion on preventing periodontal inflammation

• Grape seed oil bodies (OBs) contain abundant bioactive compounds useful for preventing periodontal inflammation. • Surface coated OBs with quaternary ammonium chitosan (QCS) display a stable colloidal system. • Surface coated OBs have prominent antioxidative, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic effects. • Surface coated OBs can ameliorate periodontal inflammation in vivo through multiple functions. Orthodontic treatment is frequently associated with the development of periodontal inflammation which may compromise dental stability and orthodontic efficacy. Consequently, the prevention of periodontal inflammation is crucial and indispensable. In this study, we report for the first time that oil bodies (OBs) extracted from grape seeds contain various bioactive compounds and therefore exhibit multifunctional properties in preventing periodontal inflammation, including antioxidative, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and bone metabolism regulatory activities. To enhance these functionalities, a multifunctional emulsion (OB@QCS) is developed by coating quaternary ammonium chitosan (QCS) onto the surfaces of grape seed OBs via electrostatic interaction. The presence of QCS endows OB@QCS with markedly stronger antibacterial activity than OBs, efficiently inhibiting the biofilm formation of periodontal pathogens. Furthermore, OB@QCS promotes the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through both direct and indirect mechanisms. In an animal model combining periodontal inflammation with orthodontic tooth movement, OB@QCS effectively prevents inflammation, enhances osteogenesis, and suppresses osteoclastogenesis, thereby alleviating alveolar bone resorption synergistically. In summary, this study not only develops a multifunctional emulsion but also offers a promising strategy for preventing periodontal inflammation during orthodontic treatment.