Efficacy of supportive peri-implant therapy in the management of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis

Individualized risk-based SPiT protocols substantially enhance clinical outcomes and implant longevity compared with standard fixed-interval maintenance or no supportive therapy. Future research should standardize reporting, better account for patient-specific risk factors, and clarify the long-term effectiveness of adjunctive therapies. Risk-based SPiT protocols should be integrated into routine implant maintenance to improve clinical outcomes and reduce disease progression. Clinicians are encouraged to tailor recall intervals and adjunctive measures on the basis of patient-specific risk factors, including history of periodontitis, smoking status, and systemic health. Adopting individualized SPiT protocols can enhance implant longevity and minimize complications.